Toys are us: how boys, girls, and other primates play -- Gender: identity and self-socialization -- Six boys: growing up sisterless in the Netherlands -- The wrong metaphor: exaggerating primate patriarchy -- Bonobo sisterhood: the forgotten ape revisited -- Sexual signals: from genitals to faces to beauty -- The mating game: the myth of the demure female -- Violence: rape, murder, and the dogs of war -- Alpha (fe)males: the difference between dominance and power -- Keeping the peace: same-sex rivalry, friendship, and cooperation -- Nurturance: maternal and paternal care of the young -- Same-sex sex: animals carrying the rainbow flag -- The trouble with dualism: mind, brain, and body are one

"New York Times best-selling author and world-renowned primatologist Frans de Waal explores sex and gender in both humans and other animals. Though many scholars now argue that gender differences are purely a product of socialization, primatologist Frans de Waal illustrates in Different the scientific, evolutionary basis for gender differences in humans, drawing on his decades of experience working with our closest ape relatives: chimpanzees and bonobos. De Waal illuminates their behavioral and biological differences, and compares and contrasts them with human behavior: male domination and territoriality in chimpanzees and the female-led pacific society of bonobos. In his classic conversational style and a narrative rich in anecdotes and wry observations, de Waal tackles topics including gender identity, sexuality, gender-based violence, same-sex rivalry, homosexuality, friendship, and nurturance. He reveals how evolutionary biology can inform a more nuanced-and equitable-cultural understanding of gender. Ultimately, he argues, our two nearest primate relatives are equally close to us, and equally relevant. Considering all available evidence, we can learn much about ourselves and embrace our similarities as well as our differences"--