Introduction -- Bedrock -- The rise of theocracy -- Ganden phodrang -- Qing consolidation -- Independence -- A bright and sparkling Lama -- Conquest -- The two Tibets -- Charting a Tibet without Tibet -- Afterword

The history of Tibet has long intrigued the world, as well as the dilemma of its future - will it ever return to independence or will it always remain part of China? Is a 'Tibet outside of Tibet' a viable expression of self-determination? How will the succession of the aging and revered Dalai Lama affect Tibet and the world?0 This book makes the case for a fully Tibetan independent state for much of its 2,500-year existence; a great empire from the seventh to ninth centuries; in 1249, then a territory of the Mongol Empire that annexed China itself in 1279. Tibet reclaimed its independence from China in 1368. The Manchus later exerted their direct influence in Tibetan affairs but by 1840 Tibet began to resume its independent course until communist China invaded in 1950. Since that time, Tibetan nationalism has been maintained primarily by over 100,000 refugees living abroad